The Advantages Of Internet Censorship Media Essay

The Advantages Of Internet Censorship Media Essay Nowadays, the internet has been gaining its popularity at an amazing rate. The internet has become an important communicative tool, which brings significant convenience and efficiency for people. However, the internet also has severe weakness. Although the internet is comprehensive and the internet is not easy to limit, many countries are working on the censorship of the Internet. The issue of internet censorship is a complex and controversial one. As a matter of fact, the censorship of the internet is a double-edged sword. The censorship can work in some instances, but in others it can be detrimental to society. This essay will first explain the advantages of internet censorship. Then the essay will explain the harm of internet censorship to the society. The internet censorship can be a protection measure. As the internet is open and comprehensive, the quality and authenticity of internet information is questionable. There are a lot of undue materials online, such as pornography and violence, which undoubtedly exerts a negative influence on people especially children physically and psychologically. Although there are several laws which regulate the illegal information and illegal activities, the laws are not complete enough to regulate all the illegal or immoral activities. It is very hard to charge a person for internet crimes, especially if the person is from a foreign website. Thus, the illegal activities and undue information are still rampant on the internet. Thus, internet censorship is needed for internet regulation. The censorship of internet can cleanse the internet information and protect people to some extent. The censorship of internet can filter the inappropriate information online and protect children from disturbing websites, such as, child pornography, sexual violence and detailed instructions in crime or drug use. The undue internet information may weaken childrens moral consciousness and pollute childrens soul. Thus, the undue websites can have a severely bad effect on the healthy growth of children or even cause adolescent crime. However, children are easy to contact undue internet information. Since parents can not monitor the web pages that children browse in any time and at any place, the censorship of internet can help the parents to filter undue websites for children and protect them from the misguidance and negative influence of internet. An opinion survey carried out by a professor in Charles Sturt University found that parents were worried about the pornographic content on the internet. In order to protect children from the negative influence of extreme, violent and pornogr aphic information, 93% parents support the mandatory internet filtering. The censorship of internet can help women. In order to get more click rate and benefits, many adult websites advocate violent sexual abuse of women. Many women suffer from the hell made by the internet because the internet makes them sold into slavery through the international sex trade (Mallisk, D., 2009). The censorship of internet can block access to these websites, regulate or even shut down some of these websites, and thus reduce the sexual exploitation of women in the internet. Thus, the censorship of internet can protect women to some degree. The censorship of internet can guard people from the disturbing email spam. For many net citizens, junk email is a troublesome problem. Some junk emails may have malware, and the malware will be activated when net citizens open the email. Some junk emails may be phishing schemes that attempt to steal net citizens identity and threatens the economic safety and privacy. Some junk emails may be fraudulent schemes or offensive material. Besides, there are a lot of annoying unsolicited advertisements (Mallisk, D., 2009). Spam filters can block junk emails for net citizens and make their internet life more safe and simple. The censorship of internet can protect the life privacy of people. The inappropriate information has threatened the life privacy of Australian people. As the incident that Google Street View cars collected personal data by WiFi systems illegally was complained, the Australian Federal Police has involved in investigation. Australian Communications Minister Stephen Conroy accused Google of doing it deliberately and said the move was the single greatest breach in the history of privacy (Shears, R., 2010). Besides, there are some net citizens or websites that make a mala fide use of internet to diffuse others privacy, like others private video, private pictures and so on. The censorship of internet can prevent these duly. Thus, sometimes, in order to protect the privacy of people, the censorship of internet is necessary. The censorship of internet can protect peoples economic interest. Some internet information can threaten peoples economic interest. Internet banking frauds happens frequently. The censorship of internet can filter a great deal of fraudulent information in the internet and enhance the supervision and control of internet banking. Due to internet censorship, a great number of financial frauds, phishing, identity thefts, credits card thefts and many other illegal activities are prevented (Manohar, U., n.d). Therefore, the economic loss of internet users are reduced or avoided. The censorship of internet can decrease internet violence and protect peoples personal security. In Australia or even the whole world, internet bullying and violence has become a serous issue. There are many suicide cases caused by internet bullying. The internet users are anonymous and the information spread fast on the internet. Some users take advantages of internet to carry on internet violence. The users may slander, abuse others and expose others privacy, which will bring about great harm to the victims. Many stars are the victim of internet violence, which can even cause the outcome of suicide. Some websites make use of internet illegally, which will give rise to baneful influence and threaten peoples life security. Internet murders happen. Through social networking sites, internet users deceive and murder other users. There are some suicide websites that abet suicide, communicate suicide knowledge and provide suicide methods. The occurrence of all these incidents and similar incidents make the internet censorship necessary. Internet censorship can prevent unjustified defamation, limit internet violence and protect peoples life security. The censorship of internet can help to protect social stability and national safety. Since the internet censorship can help to curb the large number of illegal activities and internet crimes, it is good to the stability of society. Some illegal organizations or people may release black information which will disturb the national economy and polity. The terrorists and extremists may release false information to distort facts, confuse the public peoples mind and create fear and panic thorough internet. These kinds of information will sabotage the national safety and must be deleted or filtered to avoid the misunderstanding of the public. The protection is not only about the physical preservation of the people, and foremost, it is a force and guidance in the morals and values of the nation as a whole (Coleman, B., 2010). There are many inappropriate and immoral content and information on the internet which will have a severe negative influence on the moral and value shape of the public. The censorship of internet can help filter the undue information which may corrupt the moral standard and soul of the public. Thus the censorship of internet can protect to maintain the mainstream morals and values of the nation and help the public to form healthy and reasonable internet using consciousness. The censorship of internet attaches importance to the whole rather than individual. That is why China that believes in communism can implement stringent internet censorship. The disadvantages of internet censorship The most important point against the censorship of internet is that it is against the freedom of speech and it violates human rights. The internet is an important communicative tool, which provides a platform of people from all around the world to make free speech. It should be a place where people can express their views and position regardless of societys acceptance. However, the censorship of internet censor, filter and even delete some peoples free speech. This measure hinders the free spread of information. Peoples rights of free speech, rights of communication and right to know are violated. This breaches the spirit of democracy. This measure is detrimental to websites which express particular thoughts and view. It is an obstacle to the development of internet. People may be worried about that the government will abuse the right of censorship and violates the democracy of the society. The censorship is controlled by the government. The government may abuse the right of censorship to exclude the speeches and information opposed to the authority. The government may manipulate the rights of censorship to hide information which is disadvantageous to its policies. The government that has rights of internet censorship may silence anyone who doubt about the government. The political party in party may manipulate the rights of censorship to limit the power of political opponents. The publics right to know is deprived of and the public are controlled by the government. Consequently, without the supervision of public, the democracy of the nation is damage greatly, which will give rise to serious negative influence to the whole nation. Some undue websites, such as pornographic websites, no one wants that to be available. However, the real issues limit ed by the censorship of internet go far beyond the regime. In China, although many pornographic websites and forum are banned and blocked, the government, in fact, focus on the censorship of political website. The censor to the sensitive words such as Taiwan, religion, Tibet and human rights are very strict. Besides, some disputed information, such as euthanasia and homosexuals will be block. The public can not get enough information to these disputed issues. Thus, prejudices and intolerance emerges, which will bring unfairness to the society. The censorship can also have negative effect on the judicature of the society. In China, some people are accused of agitating people to topple government and arrested because they publish and spread articles and information to oppose and criticize government. However, the conviction criterion of this accusation is very vague. The judicial interpretation is not adequate. The government has to much space to determine this issue. Thus, many scholars and lawyers submit a joint letter to limit or abolish this accusation. Besides, many scholars and lawyers ask for the judicial interpretation of this accusation. The internet censorship may challenge the authority of judicature and cause the damage to the authority of laws. The censorship of internet will bring about great economic cost. First, the expanse on the work of filter can be very expensive (Nicholson, J. D., 2008). Further, a broad scale filter proposed by the Government may also drive up related costs, such as data center staff needed to deal with an increase in customer complaints when they can not access sites(Riley, D., 2009). Second, the Internet filter could ruin National Broadband Network (NBN) speeds. A test paper released by the Australian Communications and Media Authority showed that a proper implement of a censorship regime would likely, at best cause a 20% drop in internet speeds or even more higher speed drop (Riley, D., 2009). As the internet speeds are slowed down, that means longer time will be spent on doing business and the productivity will fall (Riley, D., 2009). It will make a big difference to business when a filtering slowdown, like downloading files. If clicking on something, it will waste lots of time to wait it open. Therefore, the Internet filter affects the efficiency of business and may bring about loss or waste of money. In addition, if there is Internet traffic, lots of filtering units and some mechanism are needed for changing the busy to small parts. These will cost lots of money. The whole efficiency of business is slowed down and this will cause great economic cost. The censorship of internet limits the development of on-line service trade. The internet is a global market. As the development of internet, electronic commerce based on the internet replaces the management frame of standard commerce in a great measure. Moreover, the electronic commerce has mostly covered other forms of transnational trade. As the development of internet market, it makes great contributions to the whole economy. The trade supervision problems of internet market are emphasized, which include trade restriction, undermining trade environment and electronic commerce investment, information service and internet transmission. One of these measures is to prevent the access to the website. The censorship of internet implemented by different nations is always against the rules of WTO. These nations always force some preponderant websites to conform to the censorship of these nations. As a result, the internet trade is influenced seriously. To the on-line trade, the internet c ensorship is a kind of non-tariff barrier. The censorship of internet will have a negative effect on the work, study and communication of net citizens. The filtering of key words influences the research of scholars, teachers and students. The Internet filter is software which controls access to online content. These methods are more commonly referred to as a black list or white list. The filter prevents inappropriate content with white list, black list or keyword system. As its name implies, a black list blocks all websites or material restricted by an authority. The reverse, a white list, bars access to all Internet content except items approved by the filter. Keyword system checks keywords entered, limiting some sensitive words, such as sex. By this way, many useful information and normal key words may be filtered. Because of the internet censorship, people can not express themselves freely and get much information as they want. The creativity of people is discouraged, which is bad for the political, technological can cultu ral innovation of the whole society. Conclusion In conclusion, the censorship of internet is a double-edged sword. The censorship can work in some instances, but in others it can be detrimental to society. The censorship of internet can reduce the illegal activities on the internet. It provides physical protection for net citizens. The censorship of internet can protect children from undue information. It can also help women. It can also protect the economic interest, life security, social stability and national safety. Besides, it protects people to sustain the moral safety of people and help people to form healthy internet using consciousness. However, the censorship of internet also has its detriment. It violates peoples rights of free speech and may sabotage democracy. It can bring about great economic costs and prevent the development of international on-line trade. Meanwhile, it limits people to get enough information to fulfill research and study, and thus the creativity of people may be discouraged. There is no absolute fr eedom in the world, thus the internet can be an absolute free place. Although the internet censorship has its disadvantages, the negative effects of internet censorship can not be overdrawn. However, the transparency of internet censorship must be enhanced. The internet censorship without supervision is dangerous.

Choctaw Tribe Essay -- Sociology, Dead, Spirit

When a Choctaw tribal member became terminally ill, it was common practice for the medicine man to inform the family of impending death (Swanton 1931:170). Upon death, the Choctaws believed that the spirit of the dead continued on a voyage to either the good hunting ground or the bad hunting ground. This journey would take many days, which would require the proper provisions. A dog would sometimes be slain in order to accompany his master on the long journey. After the introduction of horses, they, too, were killed so that the spirit had means of transportation. Food, drink, clothing and shoes were also offered (Cushman 1999:302, Swanton 1931:170). After death, the corpse was placed on a scaffolding about five or six feet above ground. The platform was constructed of timber and placed on poles. The body was then covered with a blanket made of animal skin and tree bark so not to attract scavenging animals. The body remained in this position until the flesh decayed, approximately four to six months (Cushman 1999:302-3). During this time, immediate family was considered to be in formal mourning. Each day for a short period of time, family members would be found weeping at the scaffolding (Fogelson 2004:507). Once the flesh had decayed, the bone picker began his ritual. â€Å"The Bone-Picker never trimmed the nails of his thumbs, index and middle fingers which accordingly grew to an astonishing length – sharp and almost hard as flint – and well adapted to the horrid business of their owner’s calling† (Swanton 1931:176). The remaining flesh, tendons, muscles and nerves were ripped from the skeleton, bundled up and placed on the corner of the platform and burned, or disposed of in a field (Cushman 1999:303, Swanton 1931:1... ... the spirit would feel guilt or fear, and attempt to dodge the stones. Slipping from the log, he would fall into the raging river and over the waterfall, landing in rapidly swirling pool of water. Pulling his beaten, tattered, and unclothed body from the water, the shilup, begins his journey into the bad hunting grounds. Every step is filled with the pain from briars, thorny trees, chestnut burs. The sun never shines and cold winds are always present. Every spirit encountered is an enemy with no safe place to take refuge. Food is scarce, due to unfertile soil, and hunger is constant. The bad hunting grounds are perpetually lonely, with only the joyous sounds coming from the other side of the mountains. The doomed spirits constantly struggle to climb the treacherous mountains, but to no avail. They are eternally destined to an afterlife of desolation.

Project Management Essay

Due to the rapid changes in the working world and the business environment, organizations have been forced to transform as a way of surviving in the ever-changing business environment. According to Gardiner (2005), most organizations Have adopted projects as their means of implementing change within the organization. The adoption of a project oriented a approach, with its associated management framework, is sufficient to ensure greater success in the implementation of change within an organization. While use of best practices in project management may not guarantee success in the change of an organization, the presence of projects increases the opportunity for success. Studies have shown that, where a project manager is well equipped with the skills and knowledge of project management, projects work as the best tools for implementing change within the organization. The Concept on Project Management Project management refers to the discipline managing, planning and organizing resources to achieve successful completion of specific project objectives and goals. A project is in nature a finite endeavor, that specifies the date as to when it should begin, and the time when it should end, this is done in order to create a unique service or product that brings about added value, or beneficial change in a company. The finite character of the project is different from operations or processes of an organization, some of which may be permanent or functional work, that are used to repeated operations, with the aim of producing similar goods or services. Management of the two systems is always complex and difficult. There is therefore need to employ distinct technical skills and adopt separate philosophy of management, that would enable the implementation of the best project that can bring beneficial returns to the company. messages. Application of Project Management in Organizational Change According to Gray & Larson (2006), in the regime where implementation for change is the motto for most organizations, projects are the best vehicles for implementing change. The aspect of project management has in fact become more significant than ever. In any company that needs to change its organizational structure so as to change with the improving technology, or in order to meet the needs and wants of the consumers, projects are used as the vehicles for implementing the required change, and managing the related change. It is however important to possess the ability to sustain and build project management in order to succeed in the implementation of change. The importance of project management has been illustrated by the efforts of Swiss Re organization by using all its business operations to meet the requirements of e-business. Projects were used as the main vehicles for implementing this change. Great concern has however been expressed in the way most projects once began fail to deliver, or get stopped while they are underway. According to a research carried out by Levine (2005), most of the Information technology projects implemented were discouraging with 90% of the projects being late to deliver change in the organizations. It has been shown that, 50% of the projects are never completed at the right time, while 30% of the projects began are stopped while still underway. Project management allows the implementation of change in an organization in a more organized manner likely to realize success. The major challenge of any form of project management is to attain the objectives and goals put in place, while at the same time adhering to project constraints which are usually in the form of time factor, budget and scope. The more ambitious and secondary challenge is the optimization of integration and allocation of inputs that may be necessary to meet the goals and objectives. The success of a project management is associated with the nature the project itself. Projects involve most of the key players in an organization, both the managers and the workers at the lowest level. Projects also involve the entire organizational participation. For instance, it involves people, money, provisions, motivation, communication and space, in order to achieve the project objectives and goals. With the contribution of all these elements, an organization is able to identify and make use of the best resources as a means of attaining the best results. Gray & Larson (2006), have emphasized that the managers can easily identify the talented workers and most potential factors in the organization, and allocate them where they can give a maximum contribution towards the achievement of the company. Management of a project is often the key responsibility and province of a specific individual project manager. The manager however does not participate directly, but instead strives to maintain progress and motivate other factors involved in the process, so as to achieve the objectives. The aim of the project manager also involves striving to achieve productive mutual interaction of the active parties, in a way that the entire risk of failure is reduced. Studies have shown that, where a project manager is well equipped with the skills and knowledge of project management, projects work as the best tool for implementing change within the organization. The project manager should be well equipped with the vision and mission of the organization, so as to direct the process of the project in the right direction, failure to which the project may fail to deliver, be late to achieve its goals, or get stopped while underway due to discouragements. The project manager represents the interests of clients and has to implement, as well as determine the specific needs and requirements of the clients, based on the understanding of the organization they are representing. Gray & Larson (2006), have expressed that the capability to adopt the available internal systems of the contracting organization, and to establish close links among the nominated representatives, is an important step to ensure that the major issues of quality, time, and cost among others are attained with the main aim of client satisfaction. A successful and focused manager should be in a position to envision the whole project from the beginning to the end, and should have the skills and ability to ensure that the vision is realized in order to achieve successful change within an organization. In order to attain successful change by use of a project, there is need for the project manager to consider the three key factors that include human resources, time and finance. If an organization is in need of achieving change in the shortest time possible, there is need to employ more people and resources towards the problem. Though this may increase the cost of the project, it may be the best way of achieving an organizational change in the shortest time possible. Doing the task quicker in fact helps to reduce the cost of the project, the organization may end up spending the same amount it may have spent if it was to carry the same project in a prolonged period. Researchers have established that, there is no single way of implementing a project within an organization due to the fact that each each enterprise is unique, has different characteristics, and different financial capability. It is therefore important for the project managers to consider the features that are appropriate and important within any organization. Consideration of the important factors guide the project managers to come up with appropriate and accurate projects that can easily realize the vision of a specific organization. Cultural Factors Considered in the Implementation of project Management According to Dye & Pennypacker (1999), some of the important cultural organizational factors considered while implementing a project include the history of the previous enterprise implementations, record of failures or success of the company is looked into, as this provides an insight into what should be done to achieve success in the project. A consideration is also done on the types of operational work and projects to be managed, organizations that are able to clearly prioritize and identify their projects end up with rigorous features of a project from the initial stages to the end, unlike organizations that do not identify and prioritize their projects at the first stages of implementation. The number of departments involved within the organization are also considered. This directs the planners to consider if the project is meant to satisfy a small number of users, or whether the project should expand in the process, if other departments will be incorporate as time goes by, or whether all the departments will be involved from the begging, thus requiring the project to satisfy a large number of users from the on-set stage. The expectation and support of the senior leadership is considered as a very important factor, because their involvement drive acceptance, and appropriate expectation. This is important for the success and realization of the changes expected within the organization. The value to the end user and management is absolutely important to ensure that the change implemented through the use of the project satisfy the needs and expectations of all parties involved in the process. According to Levine (2005), organizations also consider the maturity of the desired project management discipline. The 2007 project server is often used as it contains important features for managing projects. Where an organization is considering the application of project management for the first time, it is not easy to incorporate all the capabilities at the first instance. Studies have established that, staging the first features in project management implementation help to establish both the short term and long term changes effected in an organization. Any changes that are likely to take place are considered due to the fact that, if too much changes takes place, the chances of implementation reduce, with most of the people within the organization becoming resistant to the change. Resistant to change is one of the human characteristics. Critique of Project Management Approach Researchers have however established that there still exist discomfort in the use of projects. While project management is preferred as the most efficient way of implementing change within an organization, use of too many projects may fail to deliver the desired results. Researchers have asserted that, most projects in organizations fail to deliver due to the use of poor project management practices, whose importance has been ignored by managers over a long period of time (Balogun, & Hailey, 2004). Grundy, & Brown (2002), have argued that the approach of organizational management is not effective on its own in the field of information technology, because they assume that IT solutions are developed by a technical team. The potential solution for organizations dealing with IT has been stated to be misaligned with the important characteristics of an organization like incentives or culture. Combining the management of projects in IT and organizational change management as it has been argued, cannot produce the desired results for the organizational change. Conclusion From the above analysis, studies have shown that, where a project manager is well equipped with the skills and knowledge of project management, projects work as the best tool for implementing change within the organization. Senior managers spend a lot of efforts and time promoting and formulating their strategy, but most of the time, they realize very little changes within the organization. The strategy may not yield the results expected, somehow the original goals are dissipated in the process of moving the strategy to implement the change, and the initial momentum may be lost before the anticipated benefits are achieved. Failure to implement change occurs as a result of the senior management trying to make use of the the existing structures and systems within the organization, the status quo, to change the same status quo. The adoption of a project oriented a approach with its associated management framework, is sufficient to ensure greater success in the implementation of change within an organization.

Theme of Horror in the Sleepy Hollow Essay - 2188 Words

Theme of Horror in the Sleepy Hollow The film Sleepy Hollow is a fantasy/gothic horror film; the rating 15 tells us it probably has some gore in it. As we watch the film, some parts could also be described as thriller. The director Tim Burton is known for his love of Hammer horror films and before starting work on this film he encouraged his team to watch Hammer horror films like Black Sunday and The Fearless Vampire Killers, as this was the effect he wanted to put across in Sleepy Hollow. The film focuses on images or darkness, conflict, references to torture, isolation, ghosts, violence and a sense of questioning. As far as main characters go, Burton chose an all-star cast of actors†¦show more content†¦The horror in the film is presented through camera shots and angles, sound, lighting and editing. Fairy-tale like images throughout the film are improved by Emmanuel Lubezkis style of lighting from the set design to the costumes worn. As most of the shots are outdoor, mist was often needed; an almost black and white feel was needed, very monochromatic. The score for the film is by Danny Elfman. Danny has built up a reputation for producing scores for films of a horror genre. Sleepy Hollow, as a film, and its soundtrack are often compared to Edward Scissorhands, but Sleepy Hollow has added an element of violence and is described as a pure horror film. For the volume and intensity needed for the music Elfman got 2 full London choirs involved. The music is very significant and to achieve the haunting sounds needed Elfman mixes both the adults and childrens choirs together. In this creepy story, Sleepy Hollow, Ichabod Crane is sent from New York on an investigation of mysterious deaths, in which all the bodies were found headless. Crane soon realises whom everyone suspects, the Headless Horseman; the ghost of the Hessian. 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Criteria For The Labelling Of Smes - 1185 Words

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Essay on Aristotles Notion on Eudaimonia and Virtue

In Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics he accounts that humans should make sacrifices and should ultimately aim first and foremost for their own happiness . In the paper I will argue that it is really in a person’s best interest to be virtuous . I will do this by first describing Aristotle’s notion on both eudaimonia and virtue , as well as highlighting the intimate relationship between the two . Secondly I will talk about the human role in society. Thirdly I will describe the intrinsic tie between human actions . Finally I will share the importance of performing activities virtuously . The central notion of Aristotle is eudaimonia or â€Å"happiness† which is best translated as a flourishing human life . Happiness is a complete and sufficient†¦show more content†¦However , acting virtuous is the mean to becoming virtuous . There are conditions for virtue which consist of , having the appropriate inner state , taking pleasure in what your doing , doing it for certainty and firmness , and being aware of what you are dong . If a person performs a virtuous act without the right intentions the act is not longer virtuous . Virtue is acquired through habituation , making or becoming accustom or use to something . A person is not born with virtue , but by nature is capable of achieving and perfecting virtue . The way in which a person habituates virtue is by practicing virtuous acts and initiating virtue at a young age . â€Å"Happiness is the highest good, being a realization and perfect practice of virtue, which some can attain, while others have little or none of it...† (Aristotle) . The relationship between virtue and happiness have an close and personal relationship . Virtue is necessary for eudaimonia but it is not sufficient for eudaimonia . Aristotle believes that virtue is most important to eudaimonia , because eudaimonia involves activity which is exhibiting excellence or virtue . Eudaimonia will be gained when something is developed properly . To exhibit something well one must do it with excellence ; therefore eudaimonia is dependent on virtue . In order to live a happy life a person must be virtuous , and in order to be virtuous someone must act in the right way and live by the right sort of reasons . ForShow MoreRelatedAristotle And Aristotle On Friendship1480 Words   |  6 PagesIn work his work The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle addresses the question: what is the good life? Aristotle acknowledges that the generally accepted notion of the human good is happiness or, alternatively put, eudaimonia. 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Such an account isRead MoreAristotles Theory of the Good Life968 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Aristotle, the good life is the happy life, as he believes happiness is an end in itself. In the Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle develops a theory of the good life, also known as eudaimonia, for humans. Eudaimonia is perhaps best translated as flourishing or living well and doing well. Therefore, when Aristotle addresses the good life as the happy life, he does not mean that the good life is simply one of feeling happy or amused. Rather, the good life for a person is the active lifeRead More Aristotle and the Doctrine of the Mean Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the embracement of virtues. Aristotle believes that virtues are the mean of two vices. This is the basis of the Aristotelian â€Å"Doctrine of the Mean†. This paper will explore the basis of the Doctrine of the Mean, its connections to Eudaimonia, and its success or lack thereof. Eudaimonia is a Greek word whose meaning can be translated several ways. These include happiness, the success of life’s activities, prosperity, and the act of the thriving. Eudaimonia is used as a noun. Read More Ethics and Moral Reasoning Essay2112 Words   |  9 PagesAristotles Virtue Ethics Aristotle in his virtue ethics states that a virtuous individual is someone with ideal traits. These characteristic traits normally come from an individual’s innate tendency but should be cultivated. After they are cultivated, these character traits supposedly become stable in an individual. Moral consequentilaists and deontologists are normally concerned with universal doctrines that can be utilized in any situation that requires moral interpretation. Unlike these theoristsRead MoreAristotle s Notions Of Virtues Essay2018 Words   |  9 PagesAristotle’s notions of virtues are the heart of the subject matter in Aretaic Ethics. The concept of Aretaic ethics comes from the Greek word â€Å"arete† which translates as human excellence or excellence of character, virtue (Virtue Ethics, 2013). Virtue ethics emphasizes being a certain person with certain quality of character. Its basic concept is that the virtue or value of the actions is not in the act itself, rathe r it is in the heart of the actor. Though it may seem not overly compatible withRead MorePlato s The Nicomachean Ethics2113 Words   |  9 PagesNicomachean Ethics, Aristotle presents the reader with a guide to living a good life. He claims the â€Å"highest good† is happiness, and the way to obtain it is through the use of reason. In order to better comprehend Aristotle’s ideas regarding happiness, we will explain his conception of eudaimonia and excellence through rational activity. Then, we will examine this concept of rational activity in relation to the aristotelian concept of self-sufficiency. At the end of the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle offersRead MoreVirtue Theory. I.Ethics/Virtue Theory As It Applies To1159 Words   |  5 PagesVirtue Theory I. Ethics/Virtue theory as it applies to business The form of applied ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment in known as business ethics. It applies to all components of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of entire organizations as well as individuals. These ethics originate from the individuals. An organization is formed from individuals; therefore, the organization’s ethical standards can be tracedRead MoreAristotle And Hobbes : A Comparison Of Human Nature1641 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst half of this paper, I will discuss the ways in which Aristotle’s and Hobbes’ conception of human nature differ from one another. In a discussion of equality, I will compare Aristotle’s view of the flexibility of man’s nature, to Hobbes’ view of the intransigence of man in the state of nature, while also comparing Aristotle’s view of collectivity, to Hobbes’ view of individualism. The second half of my paper will argue that Aristotle’s teleological view of human nature presents a more superiorRead MoreWhat Is Human Flourishing And Why Should We Care? Essay1874 Words   |  8 Pageswell-known for his logic, reasoning and emphasize on the importance of human life. He believed that the purpose of life was to flourish and have earthly happiness, also referred to as Eudaimonia (Heinaman). Aristotle called this concept human flourishing. He believed that humans could seek human flourishing by using their virtues. Aristotle believed that flourishing was a process, not simply a state (Crespo and Mesurado). To obtain happiness, Aristotle believed that humans needed to be in a continual

Insurance Industry

Question: Write about insurance industry in GANA or other country and use all of the material elements. Answer: Introduction The word insurance means safeguard against financial loss. An industry which provides insurance is known as insurance industry. The insurance market of Ghana has a potential growth for the life and non life market. The insurance industry is the fastest growing industry in Ghana. It is not easy to run an insurance industry it requires proper planning. An industry acquires resource and hires people by directing, decision making, controlling, and planning. The Ghana insurance industry has the capability and the proper market to grow. The Ghana insurer association has been formed with the vision that they will focus on the insurance industry growth and also they will make the insurance industry rise economically. The insurance industry of Ghana followed the rules of the national insurance commission (NIC). The manager plays an important role in industry. The managerial accounting is a proper step for that. With the help of managerial accounting it provide decision making and planning inf ormation, it also assist manager in directing activities, to motivate employees in accomplishing the goals and assess the organization competitive position. The balance scorecard approach is also used which include the four goals i.e. financial perspective, customer perspective, operations perspective and innovation perspective. For starting the industry of insurance a line position and staff position is needed. It is also required to raise capital for this a treasurer is required. A treasurer is required to supervise relationship with financial institution, work with the investors, investment managing and establishment of policies that are related to credit. The internal auditor is required for evaluating the procedures of accounting, records and reports related to controller, as well as treasurer area of responsibility (Adams, 2012). The beginning of the year saw the national insurance commission increases its efforts by raising the insurer minimum capital requirements from GHS5m to GHS15m. in addition to this the capital adequacy ratio increased from 130 percent to 140% in the mid 2016. With the help of capital the industry will operate with some level of efficiency, get the right software, and employ the right people, so that can do the right job. More than 50 companies are working in the insurance industry of Ghana they are divided into life, non-life and three reinsurers. Ghana insurance industry The national insurance commission was established by the insurance act, 2006. The objective of national insurance commission is to enable proper strategy, handling and controlling the insurance industry. The national insurance commission also take care of insurance industry and the policyholders.(Feldman,2006)The national insurance commission takes care of the insurance industry in the Ghanaian market whether they are financial sound and thus the policyholders are confident to invest in the insurance. To fulfill the objective the NIC has also taken number of steps for sustaining the human resource base, to enable the insurance company to be financially strong and taking care that the insurance industry following the rules enacted by the government. The NIC also take care of the policyholders i.e. whether the policyholders purpose of taking the policy is fulfilled. Now the national insurance commission is under the supervision of 26 non-life insurance companies, 19 life insurance comp anies, 2 reinsurance companies, 1 reinsurance broker, 63 insurance broking companies, 1 loss adjuster and 4500 insurance agents. There is one way to be crystal clear in this form of market is to enhance the awareness of the public. The primary important in insurance or any industry is the customer service. Insurers should take steps and identify the areas which are more vulnerable (Adams, 2012). The insurers analyze the reasons for underperformance and take steps so that insufficient service delivery is arrested. The Ghana insurance industry comprises of 18 lives and 23 non life insurance companies. The industry is controlled by the non life segments that lead to 48.8 % of the total gross written premium. Ghana allows 60 percent foreign direct investment in the insurance industry. The insurance industry of Ghana adhere with the laws, regulations, applicable standards and present a clean and clear report so that a competitive environment is seen in this industry. Whatever steps they take for the industry are kept confidential such as they dont disclose the confidential information unless they are obliged to do so (Stark et. al, 2010). Role of Cost Management The cost management system should also play an important part in insurance industry. It identifies and eliminates non value added cost. It also identifies new activities that can improve performance. It does the whole process starting with acquiring the raw material, research and development, product design, production, marketing decision, distribution and customer service. The insurance industry believes in competence, confidentiality, integrity, objectivity and resolution of ethical conflict (Adams, 2012). In Ghana the enforcement step include new capital requirement, compulsory products, including coverage for commercial properties against fire, flooding and earthquake. In Ghana the national insurance industry enacted no premium and therefore no coverage rules which strengthen the capital base. Even some companies offer the coverage on credit basis also. Profit level The level of profit is defined according to the return of assets of insurance industry in Ghana. It is rightly said that higher the returns of industry return of assets the better will be insurance industry profitability. The insurance firm return on assets will yield maximum return from assets i.e. 30.70 percent. The people may think once when they invest in insurance. They take a financial decision for a while to invest in other than insurance industry (Miescher, 2005). Even the management accountants consider the notion off opportunity cost for the purpose of decision making. In an insurance industry there is various type of cost such as direct and indirect cost. Leverage has been defined as the total debts divided by total assets. This is one of the determinants variables of profitability of insurance industry of Ghana. The leverage ranges from 4.37 percent to 97.64 percent. But some of the insurance industry can run a debt of 40.84 percent of the total assets. It indicates that insurance industry are lowly geared or leveraged and this help in attracting more clients in Ghana and thus it will make high profit level. Risk and competition In the insurance industry of Ghana there are lot of competition and risk. It appears that the people are not patronizing insurance in Africa due to various reasons. People are relax to go without insurance because when they see the kind of stress people go through before claiming their claims , it does not encourage them to take insurance policy. There should be proper education on insurance which should be taken into consideration. The government of Ghana must broaden the laws on insurance by adding more too motor insurance. The insurance company has put a great effort in the aspect of security to development of the Ghanaians economy. Most of the Ghanaians are still relax to take insurance because there are lots of benefits in it. The difficulty nature of insurance industry towards the payment of claims makes it unattractive for third party insurers to undertake insurance policy. If there is an increase in fraud in an insurance industry then the whole money of the policyholders will be driven away from the industry. (Falola Salm, 2002). There are various bancassurance offerings which are in the rise in the Ghana insurance industry. A growing number of insurers and banks have joined forces to offer policies through banking windows; more than 20 banks have already been granted licenses to offer bancassurance products. Activity based costing For an accurate allocation if insurance cost activity based costing is the best approach. The activity based costing is used by service companies like insurance companies also. Though this activity based costing was used by manufacturing companies previously but now it is used by both of the companies. The main purpose of using this approach here is to give accurate and reliable information regarding cost which will be helpful for decision making and it is also helpful for a cost reduction and improving profit valuation. Activity based costing provide an exact information and also analyze the area where the chances of profitability are more. (Peter, 2007). The insurance industries managers focus on the insurance contracts and bring a change on the investment of resources in which there is zero return so that profitability increases in this type of industry. Management of insurance industry tries to enhance the profitability in two aspect by stressing on insurance contracts and by mod ifying the activities that are non-value added. For application of activity based costing in an industry three main factors to keep in mind are the companys activities, cost drivers for individual activity and objects of cost. The potential drivers for activities in insurance industry are for activity related to market research, production creation, policy making activity, claim estimation and inspection, legal action cost drivers labor hours is used, for activity related to market printing number of printings is the cost drivers etc. Though there is lot of disadvantage in activity based costing that is it is hard to collect the data for activity based costing, failure to identify excess capacity. Even accurate figure cannot be identified with the help of activity based costing. The costing that is based on time can identify an accurate figure as contrast to activity based costing. The costing that is based on time help to identify the labor hours and working time accurately. In the insurance industry activity based costing can provide management with information regarding costs of activities, products, services, customers, distribution channels etc. (Hennock, 2007). Cost drivers that are applied in the case of activity based costing system are mostly working time or as per claims or applications. The insurance contract or policies, customers and sales channels are the cost object in insurance industries. It is expected that the total premium in Ghana insurance industry will grow by 23.9 percent compared to 16.4 percent in USD terms. The multinational insurers are increasingly taking note for growing The prudential investment partner of Ghana that is Leapfrog investments announced in 2016 that they will launch an USD350mm fund to invest in life insurance industry of Ghana in the next 3 to 5 years. Currently Leapfrog acquired a major chunk in Ghana firm UT Life Insurance Company. Ghana life insurance industry enhanced by 34 percent. Even the insurance industry of Ghana follow just in time approach for more throughput, lower operating expenses, an enhancement in the product or quality of service, less work in process, better response time and better performance considering the due date. Insurance industry use financial modeling concept which is considered as the complex model to value assets, liabilities and capital requirement, consider different financial options and evaluate differen t capital and other resource allocation. In an insurance industry sunk cost make the decision makers confused (David, 2011). These are the costs which are already incurred and no current action can change it. It will remain same. Liquidity is also an important factor in an insurance industry of Ghana. According to the statistic insurance industry current assets pay their current liabilities 0.42 times and maximum 5.11 times. But the variability of insurance industry will not be increased above 4.66 times. The dispersion of current assets to current liability is 1.57 times. Insurance industries are able to use their current asset to generate profit. Even in an insurance industry whether the particular cost and revenue are relevant for decision making depends on decision context. Manager should always focus on the cost and revenue (Alborn, 2009). The costs which remain same regardless of decision making are not relevant for decision making. Planned structure For a planned a secured future focus is in profit from insurance industry. It is an opportunity for providing individuals and groups to contribute moneys to various schemes for a better future. The market will more grow in the near future with the enactment of National pension Act, 2008 which is mandatory three tier pension scheme. The first tier national security which deal in social security, as well as national security trust benefits that are compulsory for every employee in public, as well as private sector (Alborn, 2009). The occupational pension scheme is considered as the second tier that is managed privately and it gives higher benefits, it is compulsory for all employees. The third tier is voluntary provident fund and personal pension scheme. Conclusion To address the challenges faced by the insurance industry of Ghana the insurance agents and marketers trained in such a way that the terms and policy should be well explained so that the client can take decision by understanding the policies in a proper manner. The Ghana insurance association has been set up with the vision and mission to provide proper information to the insurers. Even it builds reputation and excellence for insurers. The new act will help in regular inspection, licensing and appropriate sanction against defaulting companies. Therefore, the industry an operate with ease and flexibility when the management is strong and policies have a strong base. There are certain deficiencies in the industry that have crippled the smooth functioning and it is high time for the management to consider the loopholes and deficiencies (Grant, 2008). The insurance industry also depends upon the economy as a whole. If the people have a high standard of living then the insurance industry is sure to receive a boost otherwise there will be a lacking point. References Adams, J 2012, The impact of changing regulation on the insurance industry, viewed 5 June 2016 Alborn, T 2009, Regulated Lives: Life Insurance and British Society, Toronto Press David, R 2011, IF1 Insurance, Legal Regulatory, Chartered Insurance Institute Falola, T and Salm, S.J 2002, Culture and Customs of Ghana, Greenwood. Feldman, G. D 2006, Allianz and the German Insurance Business. Grant, R 2008, Globalizing City: The Urban and Economic Transformation of Accra, Ghana: Syracuse University Press. Hennock, E. P 2007, The Origin of the Welfare State in England and Germany, Social Policies Compared. Miescher, S. F 2005, Making Men in Ghana, Indiana University Press Peter E.R 2007, Various, Ghana: An African Portrait Revisited Squires, G.D 2003, Racial Profiling, Insurance Style: Insurance Redlining and the Uneven Development of Metropolitan Areas, Journal of Urban Affairs, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 391410 Stark, A.; Kleer, C.G.; Martin, I; Awuah, B; Nsiah-Asare, A; Takyi, V; Braman, M; Quayson, S 2010, Cancer vol. 116, no. 21, pp. 49264932